This book presents the analytic foundations to the theory of the hypoelliptic Laplacian. The hypoelliptic Laplacian, a second-order operator acting on the cotangent bundle of a compact manifold, is supposed to interpolate between the classical Laplacian and the geodesic flow. Jean-Michel Bismut and [...]

Translated by David Fernbach The 21st century will be the century of Africa. This continent was once seen as empty, rural, animist, poor, and forgotten by the world. Now, fifty years after independence, it is full to bursting, urban and monotheist. If poverty and violence are still rampant, economic[...]

The 21st century will be the century of Africa. How can we best understand it? Demography, economics, politics, diplomacy, cultures and religions, this book presents the different facets of this new Africa, which will soon have a billion people, at the mid point of the most rapid population boom tha[...]