In Architecture in Translation, Esra Akcan offers a way to understand the global circulation of culture that extends the notion of translation beyond language to visual fields. She shows how members of the ruling Kemalist elite in Turkey further aligned themselves with Europe by choosing German-spea[...]
'Gentlemen, it was necessary to abolish the fez, which sat on the heads of our people as an emblem of ignorance ...and hatred of progress and civilization. It was necessary to accept in its place the hat, used by the whole civilized world.' The rhetoric of the Turkish Republic's founder Kemal Atatur[...]