The Rise of the European Self-employed Workforce

The social condition of people working as independent professionals has been investigated first by the German sociologists in the Twenties. They know how to distinguish the knowledge workers from the intellectuals. Then, for more than 60 years this topic disappeared from the social analysis and from [...]
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The social condition of people working as independent professionals has been investigated first by the German sociologists in the Twenties. They know how to distinguish the knowledge workers from the intellectuals. Then, for more than 60 years this topic disappeared from the social analysis and from the public discussion, coming back to the interest of public opinion at the beginning of the Eighties, where the enterprises started outsourcing some professional activities and new lifestyles made independent work more attractive for young people. The Internet and digital technologies make easier to work alone. The author investigates the anthropological' difference between making a living as employee or as freelancer. He criticizes the wrong assumption that an independent worker is an enterprise. Freelancers belongs to the symbolic world of labour, they merit full citizenship in the right of labour. But they should come together and have more voice."