sed & awk

"sed & awk" describes two text processing programs that are mainstays of the UNIX programmer's toolbox."sed" is a "stream editor" for editing streams of text that might be too large to edit as a single file, or that might be generated on the fly as part of a larger data processing step. The most com [...]
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"sed & awk" describes two text processing programs that are mainstays of the UNIX programmer's toolbox."sed" is a "stream editor" for editing streams of text that might be too large to edit as a single file, or that might be generated on the fly as part of a larger data processing step. The most common operation done with "sed" is substitution, replacing one block of text with another."awk" is a complete programming language. Unlike many conventional languages, "awk" is "data driven" -- you specify what kind of data you are interested in and the operations to be performed when that data is found. "awk" does many things for you, including automatically opening and closing data files, reading records, breaking the records up into fields, and counting the records. While "awk" provides the features of most conventional programming languages, it also includes some unconventional features, such as extended regular expression matching and associative arrays. "sed & awk" describes both programs in detail and includes a chapter of example "sed" and "awk" scripts.This edition covers features of "sed" and "awk" that are mandated by the POSIX standard. This most notably affects "awk," where POSIX standardized a new variable, CONVFMT, and new functions, "toupper"() and "tolower"(). The CONVFMT variable specifies the conversion format to use when converting numbers to strings ("awk" used to use OFMT for this purpose). The "toupper"() and "tolower"() functions each take a (presumably mixed case) string argument and return a new version of the string with all letters translated to the corresponding case.In addition, this edition covers GNU "sed," newly available since the first edition. It also updates the first edition coverage of Bell Labs "nawk" and GNU "awk" ("gawk"), covers "mawk," an additional freely available implementation of "awk," and briefly discusses three commercial versions of "awk," MKS "awk," Thompson Automation "awk" ("tawk"), and Videosoft (VSAwk).