Red Gentlemen and White Savages

"Red Gentlemen and White Savages"argues that after the devastation of the American RevolutionaryWar, the main concern of Federalist and Indian leaders was not the transfer of land, but the restoration of social order on the frontier. Nichols focuses on the"middle ground" of Indian treaty conferences [...]
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"Red Gentlemen and White Savages"argues that after the devastation of the American RevolutionaryWar, the main concern of Federalist and Indian leaders was not the transfer of land, but the restoration of social order on the frontier. Nichols focuses on the"middle ground" of Indian treaty conferences, where, in a seriesof encounters framed by the rituals of Native American diplomacy and the rules ofAnglo-American gentility, U.S. officials and Woodland Indian civil chiefs built anuneasy alliance. The two groups of leaders learned that they shared common goals: both sought to control their "unruly young men"-disaffected whitefrontiersmen and Native American warriors-and both favored diplomacy, commerce, andestablished boundaries over military confrontation. Their alliance proved unstable.In their pursuit of peace and order along the frontier, both sets of leadersirreparably alienated their own followers. The Federalists lost power in 1800 to theagrarian expansionists of the Democratic-Republican Party, while civil chiefs lostinfluence to the leaders of new pan-Indian resistance movements. This shift inpolitical power contributed to the outbreak of war between the United States, Britain, and Britain's Indian allies in 1812, and prepared the way for IndianRemoval.