Pulsed and Pulsed Bias Sputtering: Principles and Applications

Pulsed and pulsed bias sputter deposition are advanced thin deposition techniques that allow one to produce high quality metal and insulating films. In the pulsed sputtering case, the technique allows one to deposit insulating films while minimizing adverse effects associated with charge accumulatio [...]
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Pulsed and pulsed bias sputter deposition are advanced thin deposition techniques that allow one to produce high quality metal and insulating films. In the pulsed sputtering case, the technique allows one to deposit insulating films while minimizing adverse effects associated with charge accumulation on the target in the reactive deposition mode. In the pulsed bias sputtering case, one can deposit metal films on an insulating substrate while controlling the degree of charging on the substrate. One of the important aspects of these techniques is to be able to control the film properties such as density, orientation, texture, and morphology during deposition. This book provides basic knowledge on the design of the instrumentation for pulsed and pulsed bias sputtering techniques as well as the knowledge for the control of thin film properties using the deposition parameters such as pulsing cycle and duty. The book focuses on the basic principles and experimentation of the pulsed and pulsed bias sputter deposition of thin films. The transient charging characteristics of the target in the DC reactive sputtering of insulator films and of the insulating substrate in the DC sputtering of metal films without the pulsing are discussed in detail. The predictions and experimentation of the discharging (neutralization) strategies using pulsing potentials are presented. Examples are given on the growth of thin films using these strategies and on the relationship between the film properties the pulsing parameters. In addition, the book also presents in a coherent manner the basic physics of DC plasma formation and the utilization of the plasma in the sputtering environment. The book will not only be useful for academic researchers but also for industrial scientists interested in sputter coating of high quality metal and insulating films. Key Features: A summary of the basic physics of DC plasma and the utilization of the plasma in the sputterin